{"id":2160,"date":"2026-04-03T08:50:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T00:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/?p=2160"},"modified":"2026-08-03T09:10:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-03T01:10:49","slug":"linux-%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e9%80%9f%e6%9f%a5%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/?p=2160","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Linux \u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5\u8868 \u00b7 CMS \u5d4c\u5165\u7248\uff08\u5df2\u53bb\u9664\u9875\u9762\u5916\u58f3\uff0cCSS \u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9694\u79bb\u5728 .lcr \u4e0b\uff09 -->\n<style>\n.lcr {\n  --bg:#eef1f5; --card:#ffffff; --line:#d8dde6; --fg:#1b1f27; --mut:#6b7280;\n  --acc:#2563eb; --acc2:#0f9d6b; --code:#b4690e;\n  box-sizing:border-box; color:var(--fg);\n  font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,\"PingFang SC\",\"Microsoft YaHei\",sans-serif;\n  line-height:1.65; overflow-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-word;\n  max-width:1100px; margin:0 auto; padding:16px;\n  font-size:clamp(15px,4.2vw,16px);\n}\n.lcr * { box-sizing:border-box; }\n.lcr .card { background:var(--card); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:14px; padding:14px; margin-bottom:16px; }\n.lcr .card h2 { margin:0 0 10px; font-size:clamp(15px,4vw,17px); display:flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; }\n.lcr .card h2 .num { background:var(--acc); color:#fff; border-radius:8px; padding:1px 9px; font-size:.9em; }\n.lcr .card h2 .cnt { margin-left:auto; color:var(--acc2); font-size:.75rem; font-weight:400; }\n.lcr .table-wrap { overflow-x:auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch; }\n.lcr table { width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:.88rem; }\n.lcr th, .lcr td { text-align:left; padding:8px 10px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); vertical-align:top; }\n.lcr th { color:var(--mut); font-weight:600; }\n.lcr tr:hover td { background:rgba(37,99,235,.06); }\n.lcr .cmd code { color:var(--code); font-family:\"SFMono-Regular\",Consolas,\"Liberation Mono\",monospace; font-size:.84em; word-break:break-all; }\n@media (max-width:680px){\n  .lcr .card { padding:12px; border-radius:12px; }\n  .lcr th, .lcr td { padding:7px 8px; }\n  .lcr table { font-size:.82rem; }\n}\n@media (max-width:380px){\n  .lcr th, .lcr td { padding:6px; }\n  .lcr .card h2 .cnt { display:none; }\n}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"lcr\">\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat1\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">1<\/span>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -a<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u542b . \u4e0e ..\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -lh<\/code><\/td><td>\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -R<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>pwd<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cd \/path<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cd ..<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fd4\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cd ~<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cd -<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u56de\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mkdir dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u5355\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mkdir -p a\/b\/c<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rmdir dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rm file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rm -r dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rm -f file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u63d0\u793a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rm -rf dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\uff08\u9ad8\u5371\uff0c\u614e\u7528\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cp a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cp -r s d<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cp -p a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u590d\u5236\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cp -a s d<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f52\u6863\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5168\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u94fe\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mv a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>touch file<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u8bbf\u95ee\/\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat file<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tac file<\/code><\/td><td>\u9006\u5e8f\uff08\u4ece\u672b\u884c\u5230\u9996\u884c\uff09\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>head -n 10 file<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u524d 10 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tail -n 10 file<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u540e 10 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tail -f file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u65b0\u589e\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>wc -l file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u884c\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ln -s src link<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u6307\u5411\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>find \/ -name file<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ece\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u9012\u5f52\u6309\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat2\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">2<\/span>\u6587\u672c\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat -n file<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5e26\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>less file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6eda\u52a8\u4e0e\u641c\u7d22<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>more file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\uff08\u4ec5\u5411\u524d\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nl file<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u52a0\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>head file<\/code><\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u524d 10 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tail file<\/code><\/td><td>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u540e 10 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tail -f file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c3e\u90e8<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep &quot;pat&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5339\u914d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -i &quot;pat&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u641c\u7d22<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -r &quot;pat&quot; dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u641c\u7d22\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -v &quot;pat&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u53cd\u5411\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u542b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -n &quot;pat&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u8f93\u51fa\u5339\u914d\u884c\u53ca\u5176\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -E &quot;p1|p2&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\uff0c\u5339\u914d\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -c &quot;pat&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u5339\u914d\u884c\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>grep -l &quot;pat&quot; *<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u542b\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>egrep &quot;p1|p2&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e grep -E<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fgrep &quot;str&quot; file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u641c\u7d22\uff08\u975e\u6b63\u5219\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cut -d: -f1 file<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5 : \u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cut -c1-10 file<\/code><\/td><td>\u622a\u53d6\u6bcf\u884c\u7b2c 1-10 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sort file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5b57\u5178\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sort -r file<\/code><\/td><td>\u9006\u5e8f\u6392\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sort -n file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u6570\u503c\u5927\u5c0f\u6392\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sort -u file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6392\u5e8f\u5e76\u53bb\u91cd<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>uniq file<\/code><\/td><td>\u53bb\u9664\u76f8\u90bb\u91cd\u590d\u884c\uff08\u9700\u5148\u6392\u5e8f\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>uniq -c file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u6b21\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>diff a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u9010\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5dee\u5f02<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>comm a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5217\u6bd4\u8f83\u5df2\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rev file<\/code><\/td><td>\u53cd\u8f6c\u6bcf\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u987a\u5e8f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>paste a b<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u4e24\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e00\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>column -t file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u7a7a\u767d\u5bf9\u9f50\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u5f62\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat3\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">3<\/span>\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406\uff08sed\/awk\/tr\uff09 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;s\/old\/new\/&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u66ff\u6362\u6bcf\u884c\u9996\u4e2a old \u4e3a new<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;s\/old\/new\/g&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5168\u5c40\u66ff\u6362\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed -i &#x27;s\/a\/b\/g&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c31\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed -n &#x27;1,5p&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u6253\u5370\u7b2c 1 \u81f3 5 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;2d&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u7b2c 2 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;\/pat\/d&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u5305\u542b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;1d&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u9996\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;G&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u6bcf\u884c\u540e\u63d2\u5165\u7a7a\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;=&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u6bcf\u884c\u6dfb\u52a0\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;\/pat\/a text&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u5339\u914d\u884c\u540e\u8ffd\u52a0\u6587\u672c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;\/pat\/i text&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u5339\u914d\u884c\u524d\u63d2\u5165\u6587\u672c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;{print $1}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk -F: &#x27;{print $1}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5 : \u4e3a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;{print NF}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u884c\u5217\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;NR==5&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u6253\u5370\u7b2c 5 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;$1&gt;10&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5927\u4e8e 10 \u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;{sum+=$1} END{print sum}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u7d2f\u52a0\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u603b\u548c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;\/pat\/{print}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u5339\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;length($0)&gt;80&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u957f\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7 80 \u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;{print $0, NR}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u6574\u884c\u53ca\u884c\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk -v x=5 &#x27;BEGIN{print x}&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf x \u5e76\u8f93\u51fa<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tr &#x27;a-z&#x27; &#x27;A-Z&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u5c0f\u5199\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5927\u5199<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tr -d &#x27;chr&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tr -s &#x27; &#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u538b\u7f29\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u683c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tr &#x27; &#x27; &#x27;\\n&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u7a7a\u683c\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6362\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>wc -w file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5355\u8bcd\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>wc -c file<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fold -w 80 file<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf 80 \u5217\u6298\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>awk &#x27;END{print NR}&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u4ef6\u603b\u884c\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sed &#x27;s\/^[ \\t]*\/\/&#x27; f<\/code><\/td><td>\u53bb\u9664\u884c\u9996\u7a7a\u767d<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat4\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">4<\/span>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>whoami<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>id<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684 UID\/GID \u4e0e\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>id user<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684 ID \u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>who<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u6237<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>w<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>users<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>last<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u8fd1\u671f\u767b\u5f55\u5386\u53f2<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>lastlog<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>useradd user<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\uff08\u4e0d\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>useradd -m user<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>useradd -G grp user<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u52a0\u5165\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>useradd -s \/sbin\/nologin u<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55\u7684\u8d26\u6237<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>usermod -aG grp user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>usermod -l new old<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>usermod -s \/bin\/bash u<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55 shell<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>usermod -L user<\/code><\/td><td>\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>usermod -U user<\/code><\/td><td>\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>userdel user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>userdel -r user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6e05\u7406\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>passwd user<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>passwd -l user<\/code><\/td><td>\u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>passwd -u user<\/code><\/td><td>\u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>passwd -e user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u6b21\u767b\u5f55\u6539\u5bc6\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>groupadd grp<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>groupadd -g 1001 grp<\/code><\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a GID \u521b\u5efa\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>groupmod -n ng og<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u7ec4\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>groupdel grp<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>gpasswd -a u g<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>gpasswd -d u g<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u79fb\u51fa\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chage -l user<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u8001\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat5\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">5<\/span>\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u6743 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod 755 f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbe\u7f6e rwxr-xr-x \u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod u+x f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e3b\u6dfb\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod g-w f<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u9664\u5c5e\u7ec4\u7684\u5199\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod o=r f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod -R 644 dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chmod +x script<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chown u f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e3b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chown u:g f<\/code><\/td><td>\u540c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chown -R u:g dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chgrp grp f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chgrp -R grp dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>umask<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u6743\u9650\u63a9\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>umask 022<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a9\u7801<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u4e0e\u5c5e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -ld dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u81ea\u8eab\u6743\u9650<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls -la<\/code><\/td><td>\u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u51fa\u542b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>stat f<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u7ec6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u4f4d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>getfacl f<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 ACL \u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>setfacl -m u:u:rwx f<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e ACL \u8bfb\u5199\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>setfacl -x u:u f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684 ACL \u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>setfacl -R -m g:g:r f<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u4e3a\u7ec4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ea\u8bfb ACL<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>setfacl -b f<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u5168\u90e8 ACL \u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chattr +i f<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u5220\u6539\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chattr -i f<\/code><\/td><td>\u89e3\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u5c5e\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>chattr +a f<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4ec5\u53ef\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>lsattr f<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7279\u6b8a\u5c5e\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sudo cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5 root \u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sudo -i<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5230 root \u4ea4\u4e92 shell<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sudo -u user cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>su - user<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u76ee\u6807\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat6\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">6<\/span>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\uff08APT\/Debian\uff09 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt update<\/code><\/td><td>\u5237\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u7d22\u5f15<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt upgrade<\/code><\/td><td>\u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt full-upgrade<\/code><\/td><td>\u667a\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u5347\u7ea7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt install pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u6307\u5b9a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt install -y pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u81ea\u52a8\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt remove pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\u914d\u7f6e\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt purge pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d\u5e76\u6e05\u9664\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt autoremove<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt search kw<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u641c\u7d22\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt show pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5305\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt list --installed<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt list --upgradable<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-cache policy pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u5b89\u88c5\u7b56\u7565<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-cache depends pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-get install pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\uff08\u5e95\u5c42\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-get download pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u4e0b\u8f7d deb \u5305\u4e0d\u5b89\u88c5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg -i pkg.deb<\/code><\/td><td>\u7528 dpkg \u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730 deb \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg -r pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d deb \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5 deb \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg -L pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg -S file<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u4ef6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dpkg --configure -a<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u590d\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-mark hold pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u9501\u5b9a\u5305\u7248\u672c\u7981\u6b62\u5347\u7ea7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-mark unhold pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u89e3\u9664\u5305\u7248\u672c\u9501\u5b9a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-cache rdepends pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u53cd\u5411\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt edit-sources<\/code><\/td><td>\u7f16\u8f91\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-get clean<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-get autoclean<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7f13\u5b58\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>apt-file search f<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>add-apt-repository ppa:x<\/code><\/td><td>\u6dfb\u52a0 PPA \u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat7\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">7<\/span>\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\uff08YUM\/DNF\/RPM\uff09 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf update<\/code><\/td><td>\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u5347\u7ea7\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf upgrade<\/code><\/td><td>\u5347\u7ea7\u5305\uff08\u540c update\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf install pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf install -y pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u81ea\u52a8\u786e\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf remove pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf autoremove<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf search kw<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u641c\u7d22\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf info pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5305\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf list installed<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf list available<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf provides file<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u4ef6\u7531\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf groups list<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u5305\u7ec4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf groupinstall &quot;grp&quot;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u6574\u7ec4\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf repoquery --list pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u5185\u542b\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf history<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5386\u53f2<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf history undo id<\/code><\/td><td>\u64a4\u9500\u6307\u5b9a\u4e8b\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf clean all<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u5168\u90e8\u7f13\u5b58<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>yum update<\/code><\/td><td>\u517c\u5bb9\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u65e7\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -ivh pkg.rpm<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u88c5\u672c\u5730 rpm \u5305\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u5ea6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -e pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d rpm \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -qa<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5 rpm \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -ql pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5305\u5185\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -qf file<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5c5e rpm \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -qi pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5305\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm<\/code><\/td><td>\u5347\u7ea7 rpm \u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm -V pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u6821\u9a8c\u5305\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u7be1\u6539<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rpm --import key<\/code><\/td><td>\u5bfc\u5165 GPG \u516c\u94a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf config-manager --add-repo url<\/code><\/td><td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ed3\u5e93<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf module list<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6d41<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dnf downgrade pkg<\/code><\/td><td>\u964d\u7ea7\u5230\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat8\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">8<\/span>systemd \u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl start svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl stop svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u505c\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl restart svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl reload svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u8f7d\u670d\u52a1\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u4e0d\u4e2d\u65ad\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl status svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl enable svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl disable svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d6\u6d88\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl is-enabled svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u662f\u5426\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl is-active svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl list-units<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5355\u5143<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl list-unit-files<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u5355\u5143\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl daemon-reload<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d unit \u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl mask svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f7b\u5e95\u5c4f\u853d\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl unmask svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d6\u6d88\u5c4f\u853d\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl cat svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1 unit \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl show svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5168\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl edit svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210\u8986\u76d6\u914d\u7f6e\u7247\u6bb5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -u svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -u svc -f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl --failed<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl get-default<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u542f\u52a8\u76ee\u6807<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl set-default multi-user<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u4e3a\u591a\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u76ee\u6807<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl isolate rescue<\/code><\/td><td>\u5207\u6362\u5230\u6551\u63f4\u6a21\u5f0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl poweroff<\/code><\/td><td>\u5173\u673a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl reboot<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u542f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl suspend<\/code><\/td><td>\u6302\u8d77\uff08\u7761\u7720\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl hibernate<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f11\u7720\uff08\u5199\u76d8\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>hostnamectl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>timedatectl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>localectl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u4e0e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u952e\u76d8<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat9\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">9<\/span>\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps aux<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps -ef<\/code><\/td><td>\u5168\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ca\u7236 PID<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps -u user<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps -p pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a PID \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>top<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>htop<\/code><\/td><td>\u589e\u5f3a\u7248\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>pstree<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5173\u7cfb<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>pgrep name<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u540d\u79f0\u67e5\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b PID<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>pidof name<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u627e\u8fdb\u7a0b PID<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>kill pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u5411\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>kill -9 pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u6740\u6b7b\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08SIGKILL\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>kill -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u540d\u79f0<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>killall name<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u8fdb\u7a0b\u540d\u7ec8\u6b62\u5168\u90e8\u5339\u914d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>pkill -u user<\/code><\/td><td>\u7ec8\u6b62\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nice -n 10 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u8f83\u4f4e\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>renice 10 pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nohup cmd &amp;<\/code><\/td><td>\u8131\u79bb\u7ec8\u7aef\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cmd &amp;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u653e\u5165\u540e\u53f0\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>jobs<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d shell \u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>bg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5207\u6362\u5230\u540e\u53f0\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fg<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u540e\u53f0\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5207\u6362\u5230\u524d\u53f0<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>disown<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f7f\u4f5c\u4e1a\u8131\u79bb shell \u4e0d\u53d7\u6302\u65ad\u5f71\u54cd<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>watch -n1 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf 1 \u79d2\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>lsof -p pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>lsof -i :80<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5360\u7528 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>strace -p pid<\/code><\/td><td>\u8ffd\u8e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fuser -k 80\/tcp<\/code><\/td><td>\u6740\u6389\u5360\u7528 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>timeout 10 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u9650\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u6700\u591a\u8fd0\u884c 10 \u79d2<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ps aux --sort=-%mem | head<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u964d\u5e8f\u5217\u51fa Top \u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat10\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">10<\/span>\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0e\u5206\u533a <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>lsblk<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u5217\u51fa\u5757\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0e\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fdisk -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fdisk \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5206\u533a\uff08MBR\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>parted \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5206\u533a\uff08\u652f\u6301 GPT\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>parted -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5206\u533a\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mkfs.ext4 \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a ext4 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mkfs.xfs \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a xfs \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mkswap \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa swap \u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>swapon \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u7528 swap \u5206\u533a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>swapoff \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u5173\u95ed swap \u5206\u533a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>swapon -s<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a swap \u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>df -h<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u53ef\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u7387<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>df -i<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a inode \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>du -sh dir<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u76ee\u5f55\u603b\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>du -h --max-depth=1<\/code><\/td><td>\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e00\u7ea7\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mount \/dev\/sdX \/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907\u5230\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>umount \/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d\u5df2\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mount -a<\/code><\/td><td>\u6302\u8f7d \/etc\/fstab \u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u9879<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>blkid<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u8bbe\u5907 UUID \u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fsck \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u4fee\u590d\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>e2fsck -f \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u67e5 ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tune2fs -l \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u53c2\u6570<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dumpe2fs \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u5bfc\u51fa ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>resize2fs \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u8c03\u6574 ext \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5927\u5c0f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>xfs_growfs \/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u7ebf\u6269\u5c55 xfs \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>wipefs \/dev\/sdX<\/code><\/td><td>\u64e6\u9664\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b7e\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>hdparm -I \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u786c\u76d8\u53c2\u6570\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>smartctl -a \/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6\u786c\u76d8 SMART \u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dd if=\/dev\/zero of=f bs=1M count=100<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u96f6\u586b\u5145\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>partprobe<\/code><\/td><td>\u901a\u77e5\u5185\u6838\u91cd\u65b0\u8bfb\u53d6\u5206\u533a\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat11\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">11<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip addr<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip link<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip link set eth0 up<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip link set eth0 down<\/code><\/td><td>\u7981\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip addr add 10.0.0.10\/24 dev eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e3a\u63a5\u53e3\u6dfb\u52a0 IP \u5730\u5740<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip addr del 10.0.0.10\/24 dev eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u9664\u63a5\u53e3 IP \u5730\u5740<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip route<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u8def\u7531\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip route add default via 10.0.0.1<\/code><\/td><td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7f51\u5173<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip route add 172.16.0.0\/12 via 10.0.0.1<\/code><\/td><td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip route del 172.16.0.0\/12<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip neigh<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a ARP \u90bb\u5c45\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli device<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u53ca\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli con show<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli con up id<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli con down id<\/code><\/td><td>\u505c\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli con add type ethernet ifname eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u65b0\u589e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u8fde\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli con mod eth0 ipv4.addresses 10.0.0.10\/24<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fee\u6539\u8fde\u63a5 IP<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>hostnamectl set-hostname h<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u673a\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/etc\/hosts<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/etc\/resolv.conf<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>resolvectl status<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u89e3\u6790\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli dev wifi<\/code><\/td><td>\u626b\u63cf\u53ef\u7528 WiFi \u5217\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmcli dev wifi connect ssid password p<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fde\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a WiFi<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ethtool eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u901f\u7387\u4e0e\u534f\u5546\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ethtool -i eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip -s link<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u63a5\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf\u7edf\u8ba1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip netns list<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip netns add ns1<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip netns exec ns1 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip -br addr<\/code><\/td><td>\u7b80\u6d01\u663e\u793a\u5404\u63a5\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat12\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">12<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ping host<\/code><\/td><td>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ping -c 4 host<\/code><\/td><td>\u53d1\u9001 4 \u4e2a ICMP \u5305\u540e\u505c\u6b62<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ping6 host<\/code><\/td><td>\u5bf9 IPv6 \u5730\u5740\u6267\u884c\u8fde\u901a\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>traceroute host<\/code><\/td><td>\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8def\u5f84<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tracepath host<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e MTU<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>mtr host<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u7efc\u5408 ping+traceroute \u76d1\u63a7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ss -tulnp<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ss -tnp<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u7684 TCP \u8fde\u63a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ss -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u76d1\u542c\u4e2d\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>netstat -tulnp<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u4f20\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>netstat -an<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tcpdump -i eth0<\/code><\/td><td>\u6293\u53d6\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5305<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tcpdump -i eth0 port 80<\/code><\/td><td>\u53ea\u6293 80 \u7aef\u53e3\u6d41\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tcpdump -w cap.pcap<\/code><\/td><td>\u6293\u5305\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tcpdump -r cap.pcap<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bfb\u53d6 pcap \u6293\u5305\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dig example.com<\/code><\/td><td>DNS \u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u6790\u67e5\u8be2<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dig +short example.com<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u8fd4\u56de\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dig -x 8.8.8.8<\/code><\/td><td>\u53cd\u5411 DNS \u89e3\u6790<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nslookup example.com<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>host example.com<\/code><\/td><td>\u7b80\u6d01\u7684 DNS \u67e5\u8be2<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>curl -I url<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u83b7\u53d6 HTTP \u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>curl -v url<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>curl -O url<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u540d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>wget url<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>arp -n<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a ARP \u7f13\u5b58\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ip neigh show<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u90bb\u5c45\uff08ARP\uff09\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>telnet host 80<\/code><\/td><td>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u76ee\u6807\u4e3b\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nc -zv host 80<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f7f\u7528 ncat \u63a2\u6d4b\u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nmap host<\/code><\/td><td>\u626b\u63cf\u4e3b\u673a\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ss -s<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8fde\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1\u6458\u8981<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat13\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">13<\/span>\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e3b\u673a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -p 2222 user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u767b\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -i key user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f7f\u7528\u79c1\u94a5\u767b\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -X user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u7528 X11 \u56fe\u5f62\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -L 8080:localhost:80 user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u5730\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -R 8080:localhost:80 user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u5efa\u7acb\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7aef\u53e3\u8f6c\u53d1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -D 1080 user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u5efa\u7acb\u52a8\u6001 SOCKS \u4ee3\u7406<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no host<\/code><\/td><td>\u8df3\u8fc7\u4e3b\u673a\u5bc6\u94a5\u786e\u8ba4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp file user@host:\/path<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp user@host:\/path file<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ece\u8fdc\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp -r dir user@host:\/p<\/code><\/td><td>\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp -P 2222 file user@host:\/p<\/code><\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\u4f20\u8f93<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp -i key file user@host:\/p<\/code><\/td><td>\u7528\u5bc6\u94a5\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -avz src\/ user@host:\/dst<\/code><\/td><td>\u589e\u91cf\u540c\u6b65\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -avz --delete src\/ dst<\/code><\/td><td>\u955c\u50cf\u540c\u6b65\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -e ssh src user@host:\/dst<\/code><\/td><td>\u901a\u8fc7 SSH \u540c\u6b65<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -avz --exclude=&#x27;*.log&#x27; s d<\/code><\/td><td>\u540c\u6b65\u65f6\u6392\u9664\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sftp user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f SFTP \u4f20\u8f93<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sshfs user@host:\/p \/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>fusermount -u \/mnt<\/code><\/td><td>\u5378\u8f7d sshfs \u6302\u8f7d<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh-copy-id user@host<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e0a\u4f20\u516c\u94a5\u5b9e\u73b0\u514d\u5bc6\u767b\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh-keygen<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210 SSH \u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh-keygen -t ed25519<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210 ed25519 \u7c7b\u578b\u5bc6\u94a5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh-add<\/code><\/td><td>\u5c06\u5bc6\u94a5\u52a0\u5165 ssh-agent<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh-agent bash<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8 ssh-agent \u4ee3\u7406<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh -tt user@host cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u5206\u914d\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u8fdc\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>scp -C file user@host:\/p<\/code><\/td><td>\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u542f\u7528\u538b\u7f29<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -avz --partial src dst<\/code><\/td><td>\u652f\u6301\u65ad\u70b9\u7eed\u4f20<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ssh user@host &#x27;cmd&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u5355\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>rsync -avz -e &quot;ssh -p 2222&quot; s h:\/d<\/code><\/td><td>\u6307\u5b9a SSH \u7aef\u53e3\u540c\u6b65\u76ee\u5f55<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat14\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">14<\/span>\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08firewalld\/iptables\/nft\uff09 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl start firewalld<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8 firewalld \u670d\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --state<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u5899\u8fd0\u884c\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --list-all<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u533a\u57df\u5168\u90e8\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --get-zones<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u533a\u57df<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --get-active-zones<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u533a\u57df<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80\/tcp<\/code><\/td><td>\u4e34\u65f6\u5f00\u653e 80 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u670d\u52a1\u540d\u5f00\u653e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80\/tcp<\/code><\/td><td>\u6c38\u4e45\u5f00\u653e 80 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/td><td>\u91cd\u8f7d\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4f7f\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6548<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --remove-port=80\/tcp<\/code><\/td><td>\u79fb\u9664\u5df2\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --add-rich-rule=&#x27;rule&#x27;<\/code><\/td><td>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bcc\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>firewall-cmd --query-port=80\/tcp<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u653e\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -L -n<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d iptables \u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8 SSH \u5165\u7ad9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -A INPUT -j DROP<\/code><\/td><td>\u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u4f59\u5165\u7ad9\u6d41\u91cf<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -F<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7a7a\u6240\u6709\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -P INPUT DROP<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5165\u7ad9\u7b56\u7565\u4e3a\u4e22\u5f03<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -t nat -L<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b NAT \u8868\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -j MASQUERADE<\/code><\/td><td>\u914d\u7f6e SNAT \u4f2a\u88c5<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables-save &gt; rules.v4<\/code><\/td><td>\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>iptables-restore &lt; rules.v4<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u6062\u590d\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nft list ruleset<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa nftables \u5168\u90e8\u89c4\u5219<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nft add table inet filter<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa nftables \u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nft add chain inet filter input<\/code><\/td><td>\u521b\u5efa input \u94fe<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nft add rule inet filter input tcp dport 22 accept<\/code><\/td><td>\u653e\u884c SSH<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>nft delete table inet filter<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6574\u5f20\u8868<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ufw enable<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u7528 Ubuntu \u7b80\u6613\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ufw allow 22<\/code><\/td><td>\u5141\u8bb8 22 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ufw status<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b ufw \u89c4\u5219\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ufw deny 80<\/code><\/td><td>\u62d2\u7edd 80 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat15\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">15<\/span>\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b systemd \u5168\u90e8\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -b<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u672c\u6b21\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -p err<\/code><\/td><td>\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u7ea7\u522b\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -u svc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -u svc -f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl --since &quot;2026-08-02&quot;<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u65e5\u671f\u540e\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -n 100<\/code><\/td><td>\u663e\u793a\u6700\u8fd1 100 \u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -f<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u6eda\u52a8\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -k<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl _PID=1234<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u8fdb\u7a0b PID \u8fc7\u6ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl --disk-usage<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl --vacuum-size=500M<\/code><\/td><td>\u6e05\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u81f3 500M \u4ee5\u5185<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d88\u606f\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08RHEL\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Debian\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/dmesg<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u542f\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dmesg<\/code><\/td><td>\u6253\u5370\u5185\u6838\u73af\u5f62\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6d88\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dmesg -T<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5\u53ef\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u6d88\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>dmesg -w<\/code><\/td><td>\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u5185\u6838\u6d88\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>less \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>logrotate --force \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/code><\/td><td>\u5f3a\u5236\u89e6\u53d1\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b rsyslog \u4e3b\u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>logger &quot;test message&quot;<\/code><\/td><td>\u5411 syslog \u5199\u5165\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d88\u606f<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl --verify<\/code><\/td><td>\u6821\u9a8c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl -o json<\/code><\/td><td>\u4ee5 JSON \u683c\u5f0f\u8f93\u51fa\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5b89\u5168\u8ba4\u8bc1\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08RHEL\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ausearch -m avc<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u8be2 SELinux \u62d2\u7edd\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>aureport<\/code><\/td><td>\u751f\u6210\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6458\u8981\u62a5\u544a<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>less \/var\/log\/kern.log<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u6838\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Debian\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>journalctl --since &quot;1 hour ago&quot;<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section class=\"card\" id=\"cat16\">\n  <h2><span class=\"num\">16<\/span>\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1 <span class=\"cnt\">30 \u6761<\/span><\/h2>\n  <div class=\"table-wrap\">\n    <table>\n      <thead><tr><th>\u547d\u4ee4<\/th><th>\u8bf4\u660e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n      <tbody>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>crontab -e<\/code><\/td><td>\u7f16\u8f91\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>crontab -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>crontab -r<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>crontab -u user -l<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl start cron<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8 cron \u670d\u52a1\uff08Debian\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl start crond<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8 crond\uff08RHEL\uff09<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/etc\/crontab<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7 crontab<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls \/etc\/cron.d\/<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ea7 cron \u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls \/etc\/cron.daily\/<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u65e5\u4efb\u52a1\u811a\u672c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>ls \/etc\/cron.hourly\/<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>run-parts \/etc\/cron.daily<\/code><\/td><td>\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u65e5\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/etc\/anacrontab<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b anacron \u914d\u7f6e<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>* * * * * cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>0 * * * * cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u6574\u70b9\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>0 0 * * * cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u5929 0 \u70b9\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>0 0 * * 0 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5 0 \u70b9\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>0 0 1 * * cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf\u6708 1 \u53f7 0 \u70b9\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>*\/5 * * * * cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf 5 \u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>0 9-18 * * 1-5 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 9 \u81f3 18 \u70b9<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl list-timers<\/code><\/td><td>\u5217\u51fa systemd \u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl start foo.timer<\/code><\/td><td>\u542f\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl enable foo.timer<\/code><\/td><td>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b9a\u65f6\u5668\u5f00\u673a\u542f\u7528<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>at now + 1 hour<\/code><\/td><td>\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>atq<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u7684 at \u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>atrm id<\/code><\/td><td>\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a at \u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>sleep 60 &amp;&amp; cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u5ef6\u65f6 60 \u79d2\u540e\u6267\u884c<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>watch -n 300 cmd<\/code><\/td><td>\u6bcf 5 \u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>anacron<\/code><\/td><td>\u6309\u5929\u9519\u5cf0\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8fc7\u5468\u671f\u7684\u4efb\u52a1<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>cat \/var\/log\/cron<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b cron \u6267\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr>\n        <tr><td class=\"cmd\"><code>systemctl status cron<\/code><\/td><td>\u67e5\u770b cron \u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/td><\/tr>\n      <\/tbody>\n    <\/table>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c 30 \u6761 \u547d\u4ee4 \u8bf4\u660e ls -l \u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6743\u9650 ls -a \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u542b . \u4e0e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":490,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[14],"class_list":["post-2160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-linux"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2160"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2165,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2160\/revisions\/2165"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2160"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2160"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rchen.top\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2160"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}